Annotation

The article highlights the methodological aspects of transformations in economics, issues of information and knowledge, network, service economy of the 21st century and macro- and microeconomic problems of modern development. Significant attention is paid to the methodology of economic science, global instability of macroeconomic dynamics and its coverage in economic thought, economic development in the fourth industrial revolution, modern problems of economic development in the information network economy and other problems of macro- and microeconomic development.

The paper analyzes the main characteristics of the conventional paradigm, as well as changes in the methodology of economic research. The authors give arguments that demonstrate a deep and protracted crisis in economics and the need to change the paradigm. It is substantiated that adequate research of the innovation development is impossible within the modern conventional paradigm.

It is found that the modern paradigm of economic theory is a holistic economic system, the theoretical expression of which is a set of economic laws and categories derived from the integrated use of basic elements of the dialectical method of research in accordance with the values and ideals of the most important areas of theory period. Therefore, the paradigm means the scientific method of research (in the organic unity of a set of methodological principles, laws, tools) and built on their basis holistic economic theory (set of knowledge, views, ideas) long professed by members of the scientific community, especially leading economists. worldview with their values, ideals and beliefs.

Economic theory, being a huge asset of civilization, covers theoretical and methodological approaches that are not only significant achievements of modernity, but also have theoretical and practical significance for the future of the post-industrial society. On the basis of neoclassical theory there was a broad mainstream of economic theory, which was embodied in the form of economics, so the neoclassical could not be identified with the directions of economic theory, which developed on its basis. Concerning the structure of the fundamental basis of economic science of the 21st century, its important elements are economic theory and economic history.