Annotation

The main aspects of the development of the dairy cattle industry and ensuring the efficiency of milk production in the conditions of crisis are highlighted. The example of agricultural enterprises demonstrates successful development of the branch of dairy breeding, which is characterized by a significant growth of milk yield, increase of livestock, available modern technologies of cows keeping and milking, fodder conservation and cleaning of manure. It confirms availability of the capacities and reserves to improve the efficiency of milk production at large-scale agricultural enterprises.

It is argued that increase of cow productivity is influenced by the system of animal stock reproduction, fodder quality, structure of diets, the level of feeding, breeds of animals, conditions and technologies of cows keeping. The research describes approaches to fodder production, cows keeping, application of modern technologies of production, and use of the efficient veterinary and zoo-technical measures on the base of the experience of a leading dairy farm. It is substantiated that production of appropriate fodder is principally influenced by field fodder production. Thus, it is reasonable to make optimization of the cropping area of fodder crops.

Improvement of the efficiency of dairy breeding is greatly determined by the level of concentration, specialization and intensification of milk production.. The article supplies analysis of the structure of costs of milk production and specifies the directions of their reduction.

The author of the work performed an organizational-economic analysis of the conditions of production and level of its efficiency in dairy breeding. The research determines the objective necessity of state support as a requirement for improvement of milk production efficiency. At the regional level, it is proposed to approve the program of dairy breeding development.