Dynanics of plant-available phosphorus in the long-term field experiment with fertilizers on calcareous chernozem of Moldova

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Visnyk LNAU: Agronomy 2019 №23: 222-224

Dynanics of plant-available phosphorus in the long-term field experiment with fertilizers on calcareous chernozem of Moldova

D. M. Indoitu, dr. agr.
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7475-0689
D. D. Indoitu, Senior Scientific Cjllaboration
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4190-7816
State Agrarian University of Moldova

https://doi.org/10.31734/agronomy2019.01.222

Annotation

Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. The sources of phosphorus for plants are soil and fertilizers. Soil fertility depends on the phosphorus content. Crop cultivation without and with different fertilizing systems influences the content of available phosphorus in the soil in different ways. In modern agricultural practices, as the soil has been frequently over exploited, the tracking of the available phosphorus content and the direction of its change has a topical interest. This is possible only in long-term experiments. Our studies were conducted in the long-term field experiment with different fertilizing systems at the experimental Station «Ketrosy» of the State Agrarian University of Moldova. The research was carried out on Calcareous chernozem in the 1953–2018 period. Available phosphorus was determined according to the Machigin method. Soil samples were taken under winter wheat from the 0- to 60-cm depth in the spring. The dynamics of available phosphorus was studied on three experimental plots: without fertilization from 1950, with influence of small doses of mineral fertilizers (on average N47P46 per year) on variants with previous long-term application of mineral and organic fertilizers. On plots with natural fertility of Calcareous chernozem (without fertilizers), the content of available phosphorus decreased in the topsoil (in the 0–20 cm layer) from 1,65 (in the 1953–1962 period) to 0,91 mg.100 g-1 soil (in the 2006–2013 period), in the 20–40 cm layer – from 1,55 to 0,75 mg.100 g-1 soil, in the 40–60 cm layer – from 1,0 to 0,5 mg.100 g-1 soil. After introducing of crop residues and all by-products this content was 1,6, 1,1 and 0,7 mg.100 g-1 soil, respectively. On systematically fertilized plots it increased by 2,7–2,9 times. The optimal content of available phosphorus in the soil for winter wheat is 3,0–4,0 mg.100 g-1 soil. The use of low doses of mineral fertilizers in the period 2006–2018, together with plant residues and by-products, slightly reduced this content, but with time it allowed to maintain its level.

Key words

mobile forms of phosphorus, calcareous chernozem, fertilizing systems, dynamics

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