STRUCTURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS OF EXTERNAL WALL FENCES WITH STRAW BLOCKS

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Visnyk LNAU: Architecture and Farm Building 2019 №20: 53-58

STRUCTURAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS OF EXTERNAL WALL FENCES WITH STRAW BLOCKS

Mazurak A., Candidate of Engineering Science
Mazurak О., Candidate of Engineering Science
Kovalyk I., Senior teacher
Mikhailechko V. Senior teacher
Lviv National Agrarian University

https://doi.org/10.31734/architecture2019.20.053

Annotation

The need of energy efficiency security, along with the need to create proper climatic conditions in buildings and constructions, requires from designers to carry out a permanent search for the most rational options of insulation of external wall fences. In Ukraine, the agrarian market is being actively developed. Nowadays, our country produces more than 60 million tons of grain and leguminous crops. There are large volumes of straw as residues of agricultural production. Therefore, it is an actual issue to apply the straw in construction.

The countries of the world, growing crops and accumulating straw, use straw for safe and efficient construction. This is primarily due to energy efficiency, the necessity to utilize waste products, and secure the environmental friendliness of housing.

The research proposes new constructive technological solutions for wall insulation, using the straw blocks as an environmentally friendly building material of low cost.

In construction practice, the technology of building with the use of straw blocks suggests two main methods. The first one expects use of an additional carrier frame, preferably o timber, which is filled with blocks. The second method suggests that the bearing walls are laid directly on the straw blocks. The choice of construction technology mainly depends on the specific local conditions.

Straw blocks, due to their large deformation, may not always be the bearing element of the wall, i.e. the frame of the structure. Therefore, both in the world and in Ukraine, a frame construction method is used.

Basing on the study of the experience of construction, operation and personal experimental research, the authors of the work propose the design and technology, which expect placing of a multi-layered wall, made of straw and strengthened with shaker concrete The conducted research concerning bearing capacity of five fragments of a wall of straw blocks, reinforced by a shaft, loaded by evenly distributed load, exceeded the value of bearing capacity of the theoretical mode. Construction work of the wall of a one-storey building showed the result of 153-157 kN / m.p . The destruction occurred due to a release of the layers of gun in the middle of the wall in height.

According to the analysis of the technological processes of implementation and operation of the straw array in the gaps, the authors of the work propose the design and technological algorithm of production of the walls, made of straw blocks, by resting on a wooden frame on one side, and reinforced with a shield from the other. Experimental studies of the three samples of a complex wall of straw blocks confirmed the results of bearing capacity of the theoretical model, which accounted for 151-168 kN / m.p. The destruction of the complex wall was also due to loss of stability of the layer impact, and its issuance.

The advantage of a complex wall of straw blocks over a multilayer one, made of two layers of gutter concrete, is in the best diffusion of the wall and the ability to ventilate the straw array. The process of such wall erection is cheaper and more convenient, that is confirmed by the absence of metal rods and presence of an even edge, shaped by wooden racks. The advantage of the walls, made of straw blocks and reinforced with a trashbiton, over the classical variants is suggested by their improved bearing capacity and the ability to secure reliable protection of the straw, even under complicated conditions.

Key words

multilayer wall, straw block, frame, shotkret, bearing capacity

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