Visnyk LNAU: Agronomy 2020 №24: 193-202
Effect of tillage minimizing on crop yields in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine
Ya. Pohromska, research scientist
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6784-3633
Laboratory of Soil Fertility and Soil-Protecting Technologies of National Scientific Center «Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry Research named after O. N. Sokolovsky»
https://doi.org/10.31734/agronomy2020.01.193
Annotation
The purpose of the research is to determine the effectiveness of minimizing soil tillage in field crop cultivation technologies under current climatic trends in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine. In the research, the following soil tillage systems were studied, particularly, plowing, subsurface tillage, and no-till. Mathematical optimization of spring barley, corn, sunflower, and winter wheat yields was performed depending on the meteorological factors and tillage.
It has been determined that the yield of spring barley while using subsurface tillage can reach the indices, obtained on the background of plowing, under the condition for the sum of air temperatures of the period exceeding 10 °C of the previous year > 3650 °C.The incidence of such conditions increases over time.No-till efficiency approaches the plowing at average October-November air temperature < 4.6 °C. However, autumns have recently become warmer.
As for maize, the frequency of optimal conditions for subsurface tillage (Selianinov hydrothermal coefficient HTC of previous year 0.9–1.3) tends to decrease, for no-till, the frequency of optimum conditions (previous year's HTC > 0.7) increases.
For sunflower, the failure to plow is effective if simultaneously the period of active temperatures of the current year has a rainfall > 300 mm, and the previous year has the sum of active temperatures > 3500 оС. The incidence of such cases decreases over time.
An increase in the efficiency of subsurface tillage to the efficiency of plowing regarding to the winter wheat yields should be expected if the HTC exceeded 0.83 a year before sowing. However, the probability of such conditions decreases. At zero tillage, winter wheat yields will exceed the crop yield by plowing yields if the current year's HTC is greater than 1.48 or less than 0.52. Nevertheless, the frequency of such conditions for the period 1994–2018 reaches not more than 12 %.
Thus, the climate trends of the region do not contribute to the abandonment of plowing in winter wheat cultivation technologies and the use of subsurface tillage under maize, but indicate improved conditions for improving the efficiency of no-till for maize and sunflower and to rise the efficiency of subsurface tillage under sunflower and spring barley.
Key words
crop yield, plowing, subsurface tillage, no-till, meteorological conditions
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Link
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