The resistance of chickpea cultivars against Fusarium root rot under conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine

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Visnyk LNAU: Agronomy 2020 №24: 62-66

The resistance of chickpea cultivars against Fusarium root rot under conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine

V. Pushchak, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences,
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0327-5949
Institute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of the NAAS
V. Lykhochvor, Doctor of Agricutlual Sciences,
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0377-6157
Lviv National Agrarian University
G. Bilovus, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences,
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7527-5832
Institute of Agriculture of Carpathian Region of the NAAS

https://doi.org/10.31734/agronomy2020.01.062

Annotation

The chickpea is currently the most highly developing leguminous crop in Ukraine. In order to obtain its high yields it is necessary to use high quality seeds. However, even entirely healthy looking seeds may contain phytopathogenic microorganisms that under favourable conditions can cause the death of seedlings or infection in adult plants.

Considering climate changes, selection of cultivars with high genetic potentials of productivity and disease resistance is of particular interest.

In the Western Forest Steppe, the chickpea is a new cultivated plant species, non-adapted to soil and climate conditions. Therefore, the aim of our research was to investigate the stability of the chickpea varieties Yaryna and Pamyat to Fusarium root rot under conditions of the Western Forest Steppe for their further cultivation in this zone.

The studies, conducted in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine, revealed that Fusarium root rot appeared each year in 2017–2018 on chickpea fields. It is the most damaging disease leading to the death of seedlings and adult plants later during vegetation period.

According to our study results, the cultivar Yaryna was less infected by Fusarium root rot compared to the cultivar Pamyat during the two years of research. The disease development index was within the range of 1.0 to 15.0 %.

The cultivar Pamyat showed a higher infection rate compared to cultivar Yaryna, which was 2.7 times higher in the phase of seedlings, 1.6 times – of flowering, and 1.8 times – during seed formation.

Basing on results of the analysis of meteorological data for the chickpea’s vegetation period in 2017–2018, a correlation was revealed between the infection development and climate conditions.

The correlation-regression analysis shows strong direct connections between the development of Fusarium root rot and meteorological conditions: in 2017 for cultivar Pamyat (r = 0.827), for cultivar Yaryna (r = 0.795), while in 2018 for cultivar Pamyat (r = 0.821), for cultivar Yaryna (r = 0.721).

Yield loss due to Fusarium root rot in the cultivar Pamyat was 5.3–7.2 % during the two years of study, while in the more resistant cultivar Yaruna it was 3.1–3.9 %.

Basing on our research results it was established that the highest yields were provided by the cultivar Yaryna – 3.0 t/ha on average, which was 0.1 t/ha more than that in the cultivar Pamyat.

Key words

chickpea, Fusarium root rot, infection, disease development, harmfulness, productivity

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