Grain productivity of winter wheat varieties depending on applied fertilizers and sowing rates

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Visnyk LNAU: Agronomy 2020 №24: 51-57

Grain productivity of winter wheat varieties depending on applied fertilizers and sowing rates

V. Lykhochvor, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0377-6157
M. Bomba, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7753-4885
Lviv National Agrarian University

https://doi.org/10.31734/agronomy2020.01.051

Annotation

To increase the yield of winter wheat to the level of 8.0–10.0 t/ha, it is necessary to establish optimal rates of application of mineral fertilizers and to specify the sowing rates of new varieties when growing them by intensive technology. For that purpose, field studies were conducted at the experimental field of Lviv National Agrarian University on dark gray soil. In the experiment, two winter wheat varieties, i.e. RJT Reform and Yulia, were studied, as well as four fertilizer rates N50P20K30; N100P40K60; N150P60K90; N200P80K120 and four sowing rates: 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; 5.0 million/ha.

It is established that yield capacity of the RJT Reform variety dominates over the Yulia variety by 1.07 t/ha, and the best grain quality indicators are demonstrated by the Yulia variety. Increase the rate of mineral fertilizers from N50P20K30 to N200P80K120 provides the increase of the yields from 5.99 t/ha to 11.94 t/ha or almost twice – by 5.95 t/ha (99.3 %). The highest yield of both varieties was formed on the background of N200P80K120 with a sowing rate of 3.0 million/ha. Thus, the yield of the RJT Reform variety accounted for 12.27 t/ha, and of the Yulia variety – 11.26 t/ha. Application of 1 kg of active ingredient NPK provides extra 27.4–59.9 kg of grain. The highest yield of fertilizers was observed at lower rates. The grain yield at the level of 12.27 t/ha is secured by the following indicators of crop structure, particularly, the density of the productive stalk 660 plants/m2, the mass of grain from an ear 1.92 g, the coefficient of productive bushiness 2.75, the number of grains from an ear 67 pcs.

Under lower fertilizer rates (N50P20K30) it is advisable to set a higher sowing rate of 4.0–5.0 million/ha, wherea while applying the fertilizer norm of N100P40K60 and higher ones, the highest yield of varieties is formed at sowing rates of 3.0 million/ha. Increasing the rates of application to N200P40K60, the sowing rates within the range of 2.0–3.0 million/ha are predominant.

The level of quality varied mostly under the influence of fertilizer standards. Thus, as the rate of fertilizers increased from N50P20K30 to N200P80K120, the mass of 1000 grains in the RJT Reform variety increased from 48 g to 54 g, in the Yulia variety – from 45 g to 50 g. The content of gluten in those variants increased in the Yulia variety from 27.5 % to 30.6 %, in the RJT Reform variety – from 25.4 % to 29.0 %, whereas the protein content increased in the Yulia variety from 13.3 % to 14.3 %, and in the RJT Reform variety - from 12.9 % to 13.8 %.

Key words

winter wheat, varieties, fertilizer rates, seed sowing rates, yield, quality

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