Visnyk LNAU: Agronomy 2020 №24: 5-11
Phenological dynamics of peroxidase activity in leaves of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. under the influence of lead ions depending on the application of fertilizers and ameliorants
V. Snitynskyi, Doctor of Biological Sciences
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9633-1004
O. Dydiv, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4155-5945
A. Dydiv, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4436-9008
N. Kachmar, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4471-5895
T. Datsko, candidate of Agricultural Sciences
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2957-1822
Lviv National Agrarian University
https://doi.org/10.31734/agronomy2020.01.005
Annotation
An important role in the reactions of plants tolerance to conditions of the environmental pollution with heavy metals is performed by an antioxidant enzyme system. Peroxidase is one of the components of this system, whose activity varies depending on the effect of the factor on the plant organism. The article presents the results of studies on the effect of Pb2+ ions on the phenological dynamics of peroxidase activity in leaves of white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) under application of fertilizers and meliorants in the field model experiment. It is proven, that toxicodynamics of lead linked to peroxidase activity in white cabbage leaves, as an indicator of stress conditions of plants in response to phytotoxic action of ions Pb2+.
The results of the studies confirm that peroxidase activity in the leaves of white cabbage varied by main phases of plant development and depended on the concentration of lead in plants, application of fertilizers and meliorants, as well for modeled levels of soil contamination with this heavy metal. It was determined that increasing levels of simulated soil contamination of caused the activity of peroxidase in leaves of white cabbage increased in all variants of the experiment. The studies found that the least peroxidase activity was observed in the phase of formation of 5-6 leaves, and the most active - in the phase of technical maturity of white cabbage. The research detected that an average correlation between the lead concentrations in plants of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. and peroxidase activity by major phases of vegetation.
The research confirmed, that application of organic and organo-mineral fertilization system is compatible with liming of soil in the norm Biohumus 8.0 t/ha + CaCO3 5.0 t/ha and N64P64K64 + Biohumus 4.0 t/ha + CaCO3 5.0 t/ha celebrated lowest concentration of ions Pb2+ in white cabbage plants at all levels of the modeled soil contamination. The use of such fertilization systems in combination with liming had a positive effect on growth processes, increased yields and product quality. Depending on the change of peroxidase activity during the vegetation of white cabbage plants, one can learn about their resistance to Pb2+ ions, as well as the effectiveness of measures for detoxification of the soil, contaminated with heavy metals through the application of fertilizers and meliorants. Development and implementation of effective fertilization systems, combined with liming soil in specific soil and climate conditions, can be reduced by 1.6–3.8 times or 38.2–73.9 % the accumulation of Pb2+ ions in heads of white cabbage and get environmentally safe products.
Key words
white cabbage, peroxidase, lead ions, phenophases of plant development, soil liming, fertilization system
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