Annotation

Are given the results of studying the effectiveness of using of ecologically safe fertilizer systems (ESFS), based on the optimal dose of mineral fertilizers (N₆₀P₉₀K₉₀) with the addition of manure or humus or microbiological or chelate fertilizers, and the treatment of winter wheat plants with the biostimulator, onto changes of the biological activity indicators of gray forest soil.

The dependence of the activity of the passing of the main soil-biological processes on concrete mineral or organic fertilizers is shown.

It was revealed, that the use of mineral fertilizers activates the passing of enzymatic processes in the soil: cellulases activity – by 4,6 – 5,1 %, proteases activity – by 2,0 – 2,9%, and dehydrogenases activity – by 1,2 times, relative to the variant without fertilizers. The use of organic substrates: manure, humus fertilizer (HF), microbiological fertilizer (MF) on a mineral background, significantly intensifies biochemical processes, causing an increase in the activity of soil enzymes. At the same time, cellulolytic activity increased to the level of 21,0 – 23,2%, proteolytic – by 1,4 – 1,6 times, and activity of dehydrogenases – by 1,4 – 1,5 times, relative to the control. To a lesser extent, under these conditions, has improved the nitrification capacity of the soil. The specified changes ensured the optimal functioning of the enzyme complex of the soil.

The use of the mineral system (N₆₀P₉₀K₉₀) led to a partial imbalance of the microbial grouping on starch-ammonia agar (SAA) and meat-peptone agar (MPA); this was also accompanied by a 1,5–fold increase in the number of microorganisms on the SAA. It has been established, that the optimal microbiocenosis among the studied fertilizer systems was formed in variants of the technologies, which envision the application of HF or MF, or manure on the background of N₆₀P₉₀K₉₀. Under these conditions, an increase in microorganisms on MPA was observed, which weakened the mineralization processes into the soil.