Annotation

The article presents the results of research of a new complex mineral fertilizer Nitroamophoska-M (nitrogen-phosphate-potassium fertilizer). This mineral fertilizer is characterized by the contents of N – 9,0 %, P₂O₅ – 18 %, K₂O – 22 %. It is made on the basis of African phosphorites containing P₂O₅ of varying degrees of digestibility (a water-soluble form, a form digested in antinea and citric acid). These fertilizers contain microelements Cu, Zn, Mn, Mo, Ni, S, Fe, etc. Because of calcium (20 %) and magnesium carbonates (0,5 %) contents and their alkaline reaction (pH 8,8), the application of this fertilizer has a reclamation effect and eliminates the need for liming the soil. As a result of the research it was obtained that under the influence of this fertilizer the elements of the structure of the soybean (variety Mentor) crop changed significantly.

On the control (without fertilizers) the number of beans per soybean plant was 20,3. The application of phosphorous flour provided an increase of the number of beans per plant up to 22,5. That is more 2,2 compared to the control. Significant increase of the number of beans on soybean plants was obtained in variants with the complex mineral fertilizer Nitroamophoska-M in the norm 2–5 centner per hectare (according to the experimental scheme).

At the same time, the maximum amount of beans in soybean plants (38,1) was indicated in the variant with new fertilizer in the norm 4 centner per hectare. It is 17,8 beans more than at the control. A similar index was observed in determining the number of seeds and mass of seeds from one plant.

An important indicator of the individual productivity of soybeans is the mass of 1000 seeds. In our studies this index fluctuated from 160 g to 178 g. The lowest weight of 1000 seeds (160 g) was at the control variant. The introduction of Nitroamophoska-M with the norm 4 centner per hectare promoted the growth of this indicator up to 178 g. That is 18 g more compare to the control.

The height of attachment of the lower bean is an important indicator which greatly affects the reduction of grain losses during harvesting. It was found that with increasing doses of fertilizers the height of attachment of the lower bean increases.

It should be noted that the influence of mineral fertilizers significantly increased biological productivity. The highest this indicator (4,21 t/ha) was recorded in the variant with 4 centner / ha of Nitroamophoska-M. It is 1,47 t/ha exceeds control variant. At the same option the maximum height of plants was noted.

During the years of research yields varied from 2,55 to 4,38 ton per hectare. The lowest yield was observed at the control (without fertilizers). It was 2,55 ton per hectare. The maximum yield in the experiment was obtained at the variant Nitroamophoska-M (4 centner / ha) – 4,38 t/ha. The growth of yield was 1,85 t/ha or 72,5 %.