Visnyk LNAU: Agronomy 2019 №23: 82-87
Impact of planting dates and the use of herbicides on holy thistle productivity in the Carpathian region
Melnychuk T., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-1235-0302
Sendetskyi V., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-2424-8206
Kiforuk I.
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-6268-3586
Stelmakh O.
ORCID ID: 0000-003-2562-3530
Zhirun G.
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-9832-844X
Haruk I., CCandidate of Technical Sciences
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9566-2191
PDDSS of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian region NAAS
https://doi.org/10.31734/agronomy2019.01.082
Annotation
During 2016–2018 The effect of sowing time and the use of herbicides on holy thistle productivity has been studied.
It was established that during the growing season, plant density as the main factor in crop productivity was 61–73 pcs/m2 in the rosette phase of the leaves, and 44–52 pcs/m2 during the harvesting period, or decreased significantly by 27–39 % and 48–56 % to a standard rate of sowed seeds 1,0 million in all. on 1 ha.
The results obtained confirmed the high biological competition of holy thistle plants in the agrocenosis. During the research, a certain tendency was observed to decrease by 15–18 % of the density – the survival of plants on the second – third period of sowing and on the variants with the introduction of the studied soil herbicides.
Studies of the level of weediness of holy thistle sowings revealed that during the first sowing period (in terms of time it was at the time of completion of sowing of spring grain crops) the number of weeds was 2–2,5 times more than the subsequent sowing dates. On variants with the introduction of herbicides, it decreased by 4–4,5 times in the first term of sowing, and in the second and third terms, by 1,8–2,0 times to the control (without the application of the herbicide). For the period of harvesting up to the time of formation of the rosette of leaves at the crop, the number of weeds decreased by 9–10 times, indicating a high competition of holy thistle to weeds.
During the years of research, the level of biological potential of the crop on the varieties was in the range of 1,94–3,52 t/ha. The highest yield of 1,46–1,48 t/ha was obtained on the variant of the first sowing period. The yield level at the second and third sowing dates (after 7–14 days) decreased respectively by 15–17 % and 24–30 % by the first sowing period.
The studied elements of growing technology specific for the biological characteristics of the vegetation of holy thistle can be effectively used in production conditions, taking into account the specific agro-climatic resources of the cultivation area as for obtaining seed or pharmaceutical raw materials and food.
Key words
holy thistle, sowing time, herbicides, productivity, yield
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