Annotation

The results of investigations of the influence of traditional and alternative fertilizer systems and precursors on the regularities of changes of labile and water soluble humus substances under winter wheat crops in short rotation crop rotations under conditions of a two-factor stationary experiment laid on a gray forest surface gleyed soil are given.

It was established that processes of transformation of unstable humus substances were influenced both by precursors and fertilizer systems. At the time of seedlings of culture on uncooled backgrounds, a higher accumulation of labile (354,12 mg/100 g of soil) and water-soluble (11,63 mg/100 g) humus was observed after the predecessor of the clover of the ray. The lower values of these indicators were acquired after peas, respectively, 336,23 and 11,43 mg/100 g. The lowest activity of humus accumulation (285,34 and 10,85 mg/100 g) was observed after corn. Significant values in the course of transformation processes were fertilizer systems. The level of their influence was much higher than the predecessors. Analysis of the dynamics of formation of labile and water-soluble humus compounds showed the advantages of the traditional organomechanical layout. In the initial phases of vegetation cultivation, with the direct introduction of 40 t/ha of manure under winter wheat and N₆₀P₉₀K₉₀ mineral fertilizers (single dose), even with the forerunner of winter wheat, 521,47 mg/100 g of labile and 20,46 mg/100 g of water-soluble humus were provided. In the post-fertilization of manure, introduced in the crop rotation under the predecessors, the most effective was the application of the same level of mineral nutrition after the clover ray (respectively 467,07 and 18,52 mg/100 g). The combined effect of wheat straw of winter, post-drought radish of oilseed cedar culture and half-doses of mineral fertilizers also provided the highest values of mobile humus substances in an alternative fertilizer system (481,12 and 19,55 mg/100 g) in repeated winter wheat crops.