Optimization of potato nutrition for growing in the conditions of Southern steppe of Ukraine

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Visnyk LNAU: Agronomy 2019 №23: 196-201

Optimization of potato nutrition for growing in the conditions of Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Gamayunova V., Doctor of Agricultural Sciences
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4151-0299
Khonenkо L., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5365-8768
Iskakova O., Candidate of Agricultural Sciences
ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5166-9909
Gyrlya L., Candidate of Chemical Sciences
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8964-4253
Pilipenko O., researcher
ORCID ID: 0000-0002-7583-4072
Mykolayiv National Agrarian University

https://doi.org/10.31734/agronomy2019.01.196

Annotation

It was given the results of studies on the effectiveness of the optimized system of fertilizing to increase the yield and quality of potato tubers for growing in the southern chernozem with drip irrigation. It was established that the use of different doses, types and methods of application of mineral fertilizers and especially increased the yield of all studied potato varieties and it had a positive effect on the quality of grown tubers.

By studies with three varieties of summer planting potatoes: early-ripening variety Tiras, mid-early ripening Zabava, middle-ripening ripening Slavyanka, it was determined that the yield of tubers increased slightly depending on the duration of the vegetation of plants: on average, for three years, these varieties formed respectively 22,1; 23,6 and 24,8 t/ha of tubers, or the last two compared to the early-ripening variety Tiras increased the yield of tubers by 6,8 and 12,2 %. The maximum yield of tubers was formed on the joint application of mineral fertilizers and foliar feeding with growth-regulating preparations. we did not determine the significant difference from the doses and method of fertilizer application, namely: N90P90K90 stray and N45P45K45 locally in the ridges in the soil layer 0–12 cm, and growth regulators (nitrophyte, adaptophyte, and diazophyte). The levels of the formed potato tubers were close to each other. This indicates it is more appropriate to apply a half-reduced dose of fertilizer, due to their cost.

For more productive respectively, the late-ripening potato varieties such as Minerva and Riviera in connection with the reduction of the field application of organic fertilizers, the optimal dose of mineral fertilizers application determined N32P32K32 in the fall, before planting the tubers of the same doses of fertilizers N32P32K32 together with N33 (1 kg/ha ammonium nitrate) and the dressing with plantafol on the rate of 6 kg/ha by fertigation. This nutrition variant option allows you to get the yield 30–33 t/ha of tubers.

Studies found a positive effect of nutrition optimization on the main indicators of quality of tubers. Thus, the content of dry matter, starch, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) significantly increased in tubers of all potato varieties, which were taken for cultivation in experiments, and the number of nitrates in tubers, on the contrary, decreased.

Key words

potatoes, mineral fertilizers, biopreparations, varieties, yield of tubers, quality of tubers

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